European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience

Authors
Moazzam Shahid, Saeeda Baig, Adnan Zubairi

Abstract
Microalbuminuria, an established biomarker of nephropathy in diabetes, is often ignored in the lowerrnsocioeconomic sect of our society. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of nephropathy withrnreference to microalbuminuria in diabetics and understanding of these complications in this sect ofrnKarachi. 90 Patients (aged 30–76 years) with type 2 diabetes were selected from diabetic clinic.rnAlbumin/creatinine ratio was determined. Urine samples were divided into three groups according tornalbumin-to-creatinine ratio; normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria with UACRrn<30mg/g, >30mg/g and >300mg/g respectively. The subjects had no Urinary Tract Infection. Detailsrnregarding diabetes and hypertension were recorded through a structured questionnaire after informedrnconsent. Glucose was estimated in blood and Microalbuminuria, Proteinuria and glycosoria werernanaylzed using dipstick (Roche) in urine samples.Out of 90 Diabetic patients 8.9% had hypertension,rn53.1% glycosuria and 38.7% Proteinuria. The frequency of normoalbuminuria was 58.89%,rnmicroalbuminuria 35.55% and macroalbuminuria 5.55%. None of the patients (100%) knew about or hadrnany symptoms or problems related to kidney. The complication of microalbuminuria was present in 42%rnof Diabetic patients from low socioeconomic sect who was totally unaware of this complication. Lowrneducation level is the highest risk factor for Diabetic complications in the low economic strata becausernearly detection of albuminuria can stop its progression to final End Stage Renal Disease