European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience

Authors
Tarun Kumar Chauhan, Vikas Rajput, Tanya Kain, Sanghdeep Gautam

Abstract
Nanotechnology, a new emerging and fascinating field of science, which also permits advanced research in many areas, and nanotechnological discoveries, could open up novel applications in the field of biotechnology and agriculture. Nanomaterial provide great opportunity in the field of agriculture because of their unique physiochemical properties. Nanotechnology in agriculture is currently focused on targeted agriculture, which involves the use of NPs with unique characteristics to promote crop and livestock productivity. It is possible to improve food quality, reduce global food production, plant protection, plant and animal disease detection, plant growth monitoring, and reduce waste by "sustainable expansion".The interaction of nanoparticles with plant result in several physiological, morphological, and genotoxic changes, and their understanding is important for the effective use of nanotechnology in agriculture. Researchers suggest that both positive and negative response of nanoparticles on plant growth and development depending upon the properties of nanomaterials, mode of application as well as plant species. e.g., been shown that a mixture of nanoscale SiO₂ and TiO₂ can increase nitrate reductase activity in soybean (Glycine max), enhance its ability to absorb and utilize water and fertilizer, stimulate its antioxidant system, and apparently hasten its germination and growth. Studies on the uptake, translocation and biotransformation, and risks of application of nanomaterials on agriculturally important crops are recent research focus for understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanism of plant in relation to nanoparticles.